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Displacement: a substantial settlement by first-language speakers in English displaced the precolonial population (examples are North America and Australia)Subjection: sparser colonial settlement kept the colonial population in subjection, allowing some of them access to learning English as a second or additional language (Nigeria, Cameron and India). Linguistic consequences: 1. New varieties (social, economic and political inequalities + language contact played an important role in shaping them)2. Dialect levelling +...

Demanding text: when is quite specific, technical. When it has different functions, metaphorical.Implicit meaning: when something is not explicitly said.First level of analysis: language → linguistic level → understanding a text.Another level is higher → critical approachCritical discourse analysis tries to envoy every text considering a text as a project.VIDEO NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3w_5riFCMGA CDA is concerned in how power is...