Internationalization of the Zenit Science Parks

8 
The innovation philosophy of a Third Generation Science Park could be labeled 
“interactive innovation”. It is both “science push” and “market pull”. It departs from 
an underlying “linear model” of innovation, while making more effective use of the 
network overlay of communications in university-industry-government relations. In a 
Third Generation Science Park innovations, even those mastered by a single 
company, may stand out as comprehensive outcomes of these interactive, functional 
relations.
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Table 2: Definition of Science Park generations 
 
 
The 4th generation  
 
Part of the existent literature defines a fourth model of Science Park. We want to collect the 
few authors who worked with this definition and make a final consideration.  
 
At the end of the twentieth century, a description of the 4th generation model was proposed 
by Cunha based on a study developed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 
conducted by Rogers. 
According to Cunha, the new economic and social trends that affect companies, universities 
and society need to be prepared for the future. Companies become more open and universities 
are beginning to rethink their role in this new reality. The interaction is strategic. Business 
and universities elaborate action strategies to ensure the future of the institutions. In this 
sense, the strategic partnership model seeks a balance between the offer generated within the 
university/research institutions and the needs that may arise on the market in the near future. 
Unlike the previous models, pushing technology or capture market needs, in this model, both 
partners meet to establish a strategy for joint action that brings mutual results. 
The partnership model is characterized as symbiotic, one in which two parties depend on each 
other to get a particular advantage (LONGMAN, 1995). The university has the knowledge 
base and the company has the market to sell the resulting product of this knowledge. 
However, university and company need to maintain a constant exchange of information to 
enable the network learning, so that the product development process brings positive results 
to both institutions (CUNHA, 1998), while the financing comes from the governmental 
                                                
7 http://blog.bearing-consulting.com/2012/04/17/third-generation-3g-innovation-environment/