The Energy Conversions in a Hybrid-Propulsion Vehicle with Planetary Gear Set

 8
• Operating metro-highway range of at least 380 miles (610 km) on the 1994 Federal Drive 
Cycle. 
• Equivalent to comparable 1994 family sedans in all of the following aspects:  
- Performance in all areas, including acceleration, cruising speed, gradeability, and 
driveability at sea level and at higher altitudes 
- Ride and handling  
- Noise, vibration, and harshness control 
- Customer features and options, including climate control and entertainment packages 
- Total cost of ownership (with non-preferential tax treatment on a BTU basis) 
adjusted for economics 
- Minimum useful life of 100,000 miles (160,000 km) with comparable or improved 
service intervals and refuelling time  
- Capable of being easily produced for export and sale in major world markets. 
Fig. 3  Schedule for PNGV Technology Selection 
 
 
1.4 The PNGV Technology Challenge 
 
The distribution of energy in a current mid-size (family sedan) vehicle is shown in Figure 
4. Note that in this typical vehicle system, only 12.6 percent of the energy turns the wheels 
after engine, standby, driveline, and other losses on the U.S. Federal Urban Test Cycle. 
Major advances must be made in several technologies simultaneously in order to achieve an 
80 mpg vehicle. Improving the fuel economy requires a three-pronged approach: 
1) Convert energy more efficiently, 
2) Implement regenerative braking to recapture energy, and 
3) Reduce the energy demand from the vehicle. 
 
Fig. 4  Energy Distribution in a Mid-Size Vehicle